Introduction: BS5852:Part 1:1979 contains the test method and flammability requirements for upholstery composites exposed to ignition source 1, a 'burning match' equivalent butane flame. This particular match test procedure is that used for UK domestic upholstery fabric as prescribed in the 1988 Statutory Instrument. A brief comparison of 'domestic' and 'contract' match testing is available here.

Procedure: The test rig assembly (shown below) is designed to represent a small chair. If the cover material has been flame retarded, the fabric must be subjected to a 30 minute water soak (BS5651:1978:Clause 4) before testing. Prior to testing, all fabric and filling material is maintained in an air conditioned environment (in which both temperature and relative humidity are controlled) for a specified time. The tests are also conducted within specified temperature and humidity ranges. Filling material components are positioned between the test cover fabric and the rig back and seat. The cover fabric dimensions are 800mm x 650mm (length x width). The ignition source is positioned as shown in the photograph. The butane gas flow rate is regulated to produce a flame with a calorific output considered to be equivalent to that of a burning match. The ignition source is applied for 20 seconds and the occurrence of fabric/filling ignition noted. The procedure is then repeated, the flame being applied no closer than 50mm from any damaged that resulted from the first flame application.

Filling material: The match test for fabric to be used with domestic upholstery requires the filling to consist of standard foam. This is specified in the legislation (Schedule 5 Part 1 Clause 3 of the Statutory Instrument). The only exception to this is stretch covers where the match test is conducted using a CMHR foam (Schedule 5 Part 2 of the Statutory Instrument).

Pass & Fail Criteria: Observations are made for evidence of progressive smouldering or flaming in the interior and/or cover. Any flames, afterglow, smoke or smouldering that cease within 120 seconds after removal of the ignition source are disregarded. Any flaming or progressive smouldering that occurs after 120 seconds from removal of the ignition source results in a test failure. The test assembly is also examined internally for evidence of progressive smouldering, if any is noted then a test failure is recorded.